Publication Ethical Guidelines

The journal adheres to the ethical guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Both the publisher and the editorial board are committed to maintaining ethical standards throughout all stages of the publication process, including manuscript submission, peer review, conflict of interest disclosure, and final publication, as emphasized in the COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines.

Additionally, the journal follows the ethical guidelines recommended by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan, which serve as benchmarks for quality assurance in journals within the social sciences, management sciences, arts, and humanities.

For the guidance of editors, reviewers, and authors, the following resources are referenced: